“The majority of European Constitutions enshrine the principle of separation between Church and State,” says a 2013 report from the Directorate-General for Internal Policies, but the degree to which this is implemented differs enormously. With some European nations committing deeply to the separation of powers, others spelling out their commitment to the separation of church and state indirectly, and others having only a theoretical commitment and a de facto partnership between church and state, how should European governments act in a world where religious diversity (including atheism) is at an all-time high?